Diesel Vehicle Emissions Preparatory Projects
Preliminary work, including meetings with key stakeholders, identified
a number of significant knowledge gaps in diesel vehicle usage and emissions
in Australia (and internationally).
Eight projects have been identified as essential to garner sufficient
information about the diesel vehicle fleet to enable the scoping to be
carried out for a diesel vehicle emissions NEPM. These projects were designed
to provide:
- a statistical description of Australia's diesel fleet and modelling
of diesel fleet emission projections;
- establishment of Australian drive cycles and actual diesel fleet emissions
under Australian driving conditions;
- an examination of issues regarding the need for changing the formulation
of diesel fuel;
- evaluation of in-service testing protocols and test correlations to
emission certification standards;
- the percentage of vehicles in non-compliance with original emission
standards;
- identification of vehicle age and size classes with significant emission
problems; and
- evaluation of the cost effectiveness of reducing emissions from diesel
vehicles by management of the in-service diesel fleet.
Project Descriptions and Status Report as of 23 May 2000
Project 1: Diesel Fleet Characteristics
This project is designed to provide comprehensive baseline and projected
descriptions of the number, distribution and use of diesel powered road
vehicles, their original design standards, and estimates of fleet emissions
for specified pollutants for Australia, each State and Territory and
selected urban areas.
Status
Project has been completed. The emission scenarios evaluated were adjusted
to accommodate the new emissions standards and fuel sulfur levels included
in the Commonwealth Government's Measures for a Better Environment. A
final report has been provided to the working group and can be downloaded.
The spreadsheet model developed during this project can be obtained by
contacting NEPC.
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Project 2: In-service Emissions Performance
Project 2, Phase 1 - Drive cycles
An Australian drive cycle was identified as important for establishing
the real world emission performance of the Australian diesel fleet. This
project was designed to establish typical urban driving patterns of diesel
powered road vehicles, and derive composite urban emission drive cycles,
by Australian Design Rules vehicle category, for major Australian urban
areas.
Status
Phase 1 has been completed. The final report can be downloaded.
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Project 2, Phase 1 - Attachments
| Attachment
1: CSIRO Mathematical & Info Services |
file size 472 k |
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| Attachment
1, Appendix A-B |
file size 170 k |
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| Attachment
1, Appendix C, Pt A |
file size 1.3 MB |
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| Attachment
1, Appendix C, Pt B |
file size 1.4 MB |
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| Attachment
1, Appendix C, Pt C |
file size 1.7 MB |
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| Attachment
1, Appendix D |
file size 1.9 MB |
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| Attachment
1, Appendix E-H |
file size 317 k |
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| Attachment
1, Appendix I-J |
file size 1.1 MB |
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| Attachment
2-8 |
file size 1.1 MB |
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Project 2, Phase 2 - Vehicle Testing
This project is designed to evaluate the suitability of the previously
identified in-service emission test procedures; and to determine the
emissions performance of a representative sample of Australia's urban
in-service diesel fleet under the conditions of the composite urban emissions
drive cycles identified in the first part of the project. Eighty vehicles
from a range of age groups and vehicle classes are being evaluated. Emissions
being measured are oxides of nitrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide,
oxygen, total hydrocarbons, visible smoke and particles. Particle emissions
are being measured as total mass; mass by particle size (1µm, 2.5µm,
10µm), and dynamically by tapered element oscillating microbalance
(TEOM) and a laser light scattering technology.
Status
This project has been completed.The final report can be downloaded below.
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Project 3: Diesel Fuel Characteristics
This project was designed to identify fuel parameters critical to emission
outcomes, determine the present composition of Australian diesel, identify
the fuel characteristics needed for the introduction of advanced vehicle
technology, assess the impact of altering fuel composition and develop
a model for the application of new fuel quality parameters.
The project was superseded by work on this issue being undertaken by Environment
Australia through its national Fuel
Quality Review and the Motor
Vehicle Environment Committee. The Federal Government has now introduced
draft legislation to regulate fuel quality standards on a national basis.
The Fuel Quality Standards Bill 2000 is currently before Parliament.
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Project 4: Correlation Studies - Testing
This project seeks to develop the linkages between an in-service diesel
vehicle emission test (identified in Project 2.2) and an emission certification
test. For diesel vehicles this needs to be done in two parts.
Certification to ADR standards for heavy diesel vehicles (>3.5 tonnes
GVM) is done on an engine dynamometer (ie engine removed from the vehicles).
In-service emission testing is done using a chassis dynamometer. The establishment
of a correlation between the emissions performances as measured by in-service
testing and certification testing will ensure that any in-service pass/fail
criteria (based on the short in-service test) are not more stringent than
those specified in the original standards and will assist in setting a
benchmark for vehicles that receive good in-service maintenance and servicing.
Testing is to be carried out on a sample of 12 heavy duty and 20 light
duty diesel vehicles.
Certification to ADR standards for light diesel vehicles (<3.5 tonnes
GVM) is done on a chassis dynamometer. In-service emission testing is also
done using a chassis dynamometer. There is a need to establish a correlation
between the respective emissions performances to relate actual emission
performance to certification emission criteria. Testing is planned to be
carried out on a sample of 20 light-duty vehicles and 12 heavy-duty vehicles
(3 vehicles from each of four weight classes).
Status
Project 4 has been completed. The Draft Report is available for download
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Project 5: Correlation studies - Review
A review is being conducted of work in progress (in Australia and internationally)
and published work on the establishment of correlations between engine
and chassis dynamometer emission test results, the correlation between
different testing protocols used by Europe, Japan and the United States;
and diesel engine deterioration rates for emission performance with age
or distance travelled.
Status
This project has been completed. The final report can be downloaded.
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Project 6: In-service Emission Strategies - Review
This project is designed to review existing vehicle based in-service emission
reduction strategies including engine and engine component replacement
strategies as well as strategies to retro-fit engines with more recent
technologies.
Status
This project has been completed. The final report can be downloaded.
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Project 7: Pilot Project - In-service Testing
A pilot project will trial a preferred in-service emission test identified
in Project 2. Key objectives of this project will be to: determine the
emissions performance of the Australian diesel fleet as measured by a specified
short in-service emissions test, including an estimate of the proportion
of the fleet which are "high emitters"; evaluate the potential gains in
emission performance that can be obtained by means of vehicle fault identification
and in-service maintenance on high emitting vehicles; develop a package
of test procedures and equipment specifications that could be implemented
as the basis of an in-service emissions control program; and provide data
to assess the effectiveness, practicality and costs of using the specified
short test for measuring emissions from in-service diesel vehicles.
The Report can be downloaded below.
Status
Project commenced in June 2000 and is expected to be completed by the end
of November 2000.
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